Superfluid ³He

Here we discuss the superfluid phases of liquid helium 3. For more general introduction to helium see here. The phase diagram of ³He at low temperatures is shown in the figure. ³He remains liquid if the pressure is less than approximately 34 atmospheres (3.4 MPa). ³He enters into superfluid phase at temperatures below 0.0025 K. There are two superfluid phases, A and B, which both show very unusual properties.

• Phase diagram in the presence of magnetic field
• Phase diagram in the presence of rotation
• Phase diagram in the presence of aerogel

Theoretical studies of the superfluid take advantage of the several length scales that appear in this system.

Numerical parameters for liquid ³He at low temperatures

• As a function of pressure: Helium 3 Calculator at Northwestern University
• Normal phase as a function of pressure and temperature: Helium 3 Calculator at University of Augsburg
• Superfluid phases as a function of pressure and temperature

Researh on helium in LTL/Helsinki University of Technology

• Superfluid phases of ³He, theory
• Superfluid phases of ³He, experiment
• Optical studies of liquid-solid interfaces

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